Bleeding of the Retina in the Eye in Dogs

Retinal Hemorrhage in Dogs

The retina is the innermost lining of the eye, laying just beneath the middle choroid coat, which in turn lies between the retina and the sclera – the white lining of the outer eye. The choroid coat contains connective tissue and blood vessels, which deliver nutrients and oxygen to the outer layers of the retina. In some cases the retina may separate from this layer. This is termed retinal detachment. Retinal hemorrhage is a condition in which the innermost lining of the eye has a local or generalized area of bleeding into that lining. The causes of retinal hemorrhage are usually genetic and breed specific.

Symptoms and Types

• Vision loss / blindness, demonstrated by bumping into objects
• Bleeding in other body parts – small bruises throughout the body
• Blood in urine, feces
• Whitish-appearing pupil
• Pupil may not contract when bright light is shone in the eyes
• Sometimes, no signs may be observed

Causes

Genetic (present at birth):

• Faulty development of the retina or the lubricating fluids of the eyes (vitreous humor)
• Some breeds are more at risk than others: Shetland Sheep Dogs, Collies, Labrador Retrievers, Australian Shepherds, Sealyham Terriers, Bedlington Terriers, English Springer Spaniels and Miniature Schnauzers

Acquired (condition that develops sometime later in life/after birth):

Diagnosis

Your veterinarian will perform a complete physical exam on your dog. You will need to give your veterinarian a thorough history of your dog’s health, onset of symptoms, and possible incidents that might have led to this condition. Standard laboratory tests include a blood chemical profile, a complete blood count, an electrolyte panel, a blood pressure test and a urinalysis, so as to rule out other causes of disease.

The physical exam will entail a full ophthalmic exam using a slit lamp microscope. During this exam, the retina at the back of the eye will be closely observed for abnormalities. The electrical activity of the retina will also be measured. An ultrasound of the eye may also be done if the retina cannot be visualized due to hemorrhaging. Samples of vitreous humor (eye fluid) may be taken for laboratory analysis. Genetic testing may also be done if your dog belongs to a breed that is prone to familial retinal disease.