Tumors of the Endocrine Glands in Dogs

Oncocytoma in Dogs

The endocrine glands are responsible for secreting hormones directly into the blood and lymph nodes. One type of tumor that can grow within atypical cells found in the endocrine glands and epithelium (the tissue lining the cavities of the body) is the oncocytoma, a rare and benign tumor that can affect dogs.

As a benign tumor, an oncocytoma does not metastasize, and also tends to be minimally invasive. Concern arises according the location of the tumor, as its presence may restrict movement, blood passages, or airways. Though this is rare in dogs, when it does occur, the tumor is commonly found in the area of the larynx. However, the tumor is also commonly found around the kidney, and can occur wherever there are endocrine glands and epithelium.

Symptoms and Types

Symptoms depend on the location of the tumor mass. In some patients difficult breathing and change in voice may be seen if the tumor is present in the larynx.

Cause

The exact cause is unknown.

Diagnosis

You will need to give a detailed medical history to your veterinarian, including background symptoms, time of onset, and the frequency of the symptoms. One of the main indications is a change in your dog’s tone of voice – a change in the bark. Your veterinarian will perform a detailed examination of your dog’s larynx – the area of the voice box. Standard laboratory tests will include a complete blood count, biochemistry profile, and urinalysis. The results of these tests are usually normal unless a concurrent disease is present.

If it is indicated, your veterinarian will also take x-rays of larynx and lungs to see if there is any metastasis, which would indicate a different type of tumor. For a more detailed examination, your dog will be lightly sedated and your veterinarian will examine the larynx internally using a laryngoscope (a tubular diagnostic tool that is inserted into the laryngopharynx). During this procedure, your veterinarian will take a sample of tissue from the mass and send it to a veterinary pathologist for evaluation. The biopsy sample should enable your veterinarian to establish a definitive diagnosis.